System of motor control.



No. 871,970. PATENTED NOV. 26, 1907. E. w. STULL.

SYSTEM OF MOTOR CONTROL.

APPLICATION 11,111) MAR. a1. 1906.

5 SHBETSSHEHT 1.

W [NVENTUR I ITN Emmett W. Stu ll n4: mamas PETERS 00.. WASKINWCN. o. c.

No. 871,970. PATENTED NOV. 26, 1907.

E. w. STULL.

SYSTEM OF MOTOR CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. a1, 1906.

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F th Srie sPosiiion All Motors In.

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No 871,970. PATENTED NOV. 2a, 1907.

E. w. STULL. SYSTEM OF MOTOR CONTROL.

APPLICATION TILED MAJLSI, 1906.

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INVENTUR fiv EmmetiWStulL THE'NORRIS PETERS co.. WASHINGTON. nc'

BATENTED NOV. 26, 1907..

B. W.- STULL. SYSTEM OFMOTOR'UONTROL.

5 skim APPLICATION FILED IAB. 3 1, 1906- 'INVENTDR' Emmett WS Iu lli EH ..,WITNE55E5 m V i UNITED STATES PATENT onnrcn EMMETT W. STULL, OF NORWOOD, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO ALLIS-GHALMERS COMPANY, A

CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY, AND THE BULLOCK ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

SYSTEM OF MOTOR CONTROL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 26, 1907.

Application filed March 31, 1906- Serial No. 309,026.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMMETT W. STULL, citizen of the United States, residing at Norwood, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems of Motor Control, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

My invention relates to controllers for electricmotors, and particularly to railway controllers of the type adapted to control a plurality of motors.

One of the objects of' my invention is to enable injured or disabled motors to be cut out of circuit without aiiecting the action of the controller upon the remaining motors and without interfering with the action of the latter.

Heretofore, when a motor was injured and l was therefore 'cut out, the other motors could only be operated in certain positions of the controller, there being a positive lock to prevent movement of the controller beyond certain positions when the cut-out switch was operated to cut out any of the motors. Such being the case the controller could not most efficiently connect the uninjured motors, thus causing a waste of energy. With my invention this is avoided andthe uninjured motors can be connected in the most efiicient manner, without danger of an excessive flow of current through them, and Without the necessity of using a positive lock in the controller to prevent its movement beyond certain positions or of having special connections in the cut-out switch in order to complete the motor circuits.

"Another object of my invention is to provide a novel interlock between the main controlling drum and the reversing switch so that it will be impossible for an ignorant or careless operator to reverse the motors while pair both in series and arallel relation, and a single cut-out switch or cutting out either pair of motors while still permitting the series-parallel control of the remaining pair.

In another aspect my invention comprises a controlling drum, a reversing switch whose shaft carries a notch plate, an arm biased into the notches of the notch plate approximately axially of said notches'to lock the reversing switch, and means for pressing the arm out of said notches when the controller drum is in a predetermined position.

In still another aspectmy invention comprises a main controlling drum, a star-wheel therefor, a reversing switch, a notch late therefor, an arm spring-pressed towar engagement with said notch plate to lockit and the reversing switch when in such ongagement, a projection from the arm extend- Figure 1 is an elevation of a controller with the front part of the casing removed showing my novel form of interlock and one arrangemen t of my cut-o1 it switch.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of my controller with the cover removed, showing the o eration of the interlocking mechanism. Fig. 3 a plan View of the form of cut-out switch shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the electrical connections used'with the controller and cutout switch shown in Fig. 1. Figs. 5,6 and7 are simple connection diagrams showing the operation of the gut-out switch of Fig. 1 in the series and parallel positions of the main controller shown in Fig. 1. Fig.8 is a diagram similar to Fig. 4 showing the electrical connections used with another form of con troller and cut-out switch. Figs. 9, 10 and '11 are simple connection diagrams showing the operation of the cut-out switch ofFig. 8-

in the series and parallel positions of the obn- N and the contacts mounted thereon removed, and with the frame L in, section, and Fig. 13 is a side. elevation of the same, partly in section on the line 13-13 of Fig. 12.

In Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive, A is the usual controller casing of an} desired construction and within this casin A are the main series parallel controlling drum B, the reversing switch C, the cut-out switch D and the blowout magnet E. The controlling drum and the reversing switch are provided with the usual operating handles B and C As usual these handles can only be removed in the off ositions of their respective switches. the controlling drum, reversing switch and blow-out magnet form. no part of my present invention but are shown to aid inobtaining a clearer understanding thereof.

Upon the shafts of the controlling drum and reversing switch are notch. plates or star-wheels F and G respectively. These notch plates, and through them the controller and the reversing switch, are held in proper contacting positiofi and against accidental displacement by spring-pressed arms F and G, which carry at their endsrollers coiiperating with the respective notch plates. Another-arm H is pivoted on the casing A, its free end being re-ssed by a spring I to,- wards the notch p ate G. Unless otherwise held out of engagement therewith, the free end of arm H engages with and is seated in one of the notches g, g or g of the notch plate G to lock it and the reversing switch against movement. A proiect on H from the arm H e ctends over tie star-wheel P into the path of a luflf thereon. The arm H its projection together form a bellcrank lever. The lug f is so placed relatively to the notches of the star-wheelF that when the roller of arm F is seatedin the off notch f, the lug f engages with proshown fullines in Fig. 2.

jc'ction H and forces the free end of arm H out of notch g, g or g, as the case may be, thus unlocking thereversing switch as shown in dotted lines in Fi 2. In all other positiensof the notch plate, '5. 6;. whenever the controller is. in any of its on positions, the lug is out of engagement witl the projectionzH and the free end of arm H rests in one of the notches g, g or 9.? thereby locking the reversinswitch against movement as possible to move the reversing switch save in a predetermined or off position of the main controller drum.

In Fig. 3 is shown .a plan view of one form of cutout switch invented by me. Bolted to the back of the controller easing'is a plate J of insulation, 11 on which are mounted the'fpivotal suppo s'J and the. stationary T e particular construction of' the ot er two motors were connected.

Thus it is imcontacts J and J of the switch blades a a 5 l2, c c cl, cl, 2, e, of the cut-out switch. One set of blades a 5 c, d, and e, is fastened together by a bar of insulation 7', the remaining blades being fastened together in another set by a similar bar 1', these bars serving as handles whereby the blades of each set may be operated simultaneously.

The controller is shown in connection with four series Wound motors 1, 2, 3 and 4, the motors 1 and 3 formin one pair or set connected in parallel and t e motors 2 and 4forming another pair or set similarly connected in parallel. The controller is arranged to connect these pairs both in series and in parallel relation, the final series position short-circuiting half of the series and 3and 4L forming the other, the controller actin to connect the two meters of each pair st in series and then in parallel.

The pivotal supports J of the cut-out switch are connected to various contacts of the controller, while the stationary contacts J and J" are connected to different points of the four motors as shown in Figs. 4; to 7 inclusive. Fig. 5 shows the arrange ment of connections with all of the motors -connected. If it is desired to disconnect a certain motor or motors as because of the burning out or otherwise disabling thereof,

either the handle 7' or 7" is pulled outward and two of the motors disconnected. If. handle ,9 is pulled outward and the switch blades connected thereto opened as shown in F' ..6, the motors 1 and 2 are disconnecte leaving motors 3 and 4 still connected to the controller in the same manner as before, so that the latter has the sameseriesarallel control over them as .WllG];

I the handle 1' is pulled outward and the switch blades connected thereto opened, as shown in Fig. 7, the motors 3 and 4 are out out leaving themotors 1 and 2 still under the same control of the controller as if 1 and 2 had not been cut out. The effect of the controller drum in its various positions is the same upon any other particular motor- A cut out switch having five pairs of switch blades is used with the controller shown in Figs.- 1 to 7 inclusive because of the cross or equalizing connection between the middle points of the field windings of motors 1 and 8, and 2 and 4, and because in position 6 of the controller one half of each field winding is short circuited as shown diagrammatically in Fig. 6. In some forms of controllers, these cross connections are not used and no part of the field windings is 'ever short-circuited. In such an arrangement, the pairs of switch blades 6 b and e*, e are omitted. Such a controller B, with the p)roper reversing switch C, cut-out switch and its connections, is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 8, Fig. 9 shows a simple diagram of the connections of Fig. 8 in the series positions (position 1 to 7) of the con troller, both pairs of motors being connected. Fig. 10 is a diagram similar to Fig. 9 but with motors 1 and 2 cut out. Fig. 11. is a some- What similar dia ram but shows the connec tions in the para llel positions (positions 8 to 12) of the controller and with the motors 3 and 4 disconnected. The electrical connections and effect of the cut-out switch shown in Figs; 8 toll are practically the same as thatof the one shown in Figs. 1 to 7 save that no cross connections-between the field windings are here opened. The type of cutout switch is also different from that of the one shown in Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive, for instead of two-switch blade sets independently movable, but one set of sector-shaped switch blades. is used, each of these blades being arranged to be in contact with the proper contacts J in all positions of the switch. to be in contact with the contacts J and J, in the middle position-of the switch (Fig. 9), and to be out of contact with the contacts J and J respectively in the two extreme positions of the-switch (Figs. 10 to 11). The structure ofthis type of cut-out switch D is more fully shown in Figs. 12 and 13. Bolted or otherwise fastened to the back of the controller casing is a flanged Ushaped frame L of any suitable material and against the sides of said frame are fastened lates M and N'of slate or other suitable insiflating material. Through the plates M and N extends a shaft 0, round from the plate N to its right hand end (Fig. 13) and square throughout the rest of its length. This shaft has. suitable bearings O for rotation in the plates M and N. Firmly fastened to, but insulated from the shaft 0 are the sector-shaped blades (1, c and (l, a and 0 being on opposite sides of plate M, and d on the inner side of plate N. These blades are each adjustably clamped to the shaft by the split collar 0,, andtightcning bolt Fastened to the plates M and are the sets of contacts J,, J and J each of these contacts being composed of two separate fingers fastened in a connection block P and. so arranged that the sector-shaped switch blades when rotated slide between the two fingers of the contacts. As illustrated diagrammatically in Figs. 9 and 11, the blades are in contact with contact J, in all three positions of the cut-out switch and are out of contact with the contacts J and J respectively in the two extreme positions of the cut-out switch. The end of the shaft of tlie cut-out switch is made of the propersize and shape to fit the removable handle of the reversing switch and is intended to be operated thereby, so that the reversing switch is required to be in ofi' position when the cut-out switch is operated.

Although I have described. my invention in what I now believe to be the preferred form, it is obvious that many changes may be made in the particular construction of the various parts without departing from the broad spirit of the invention, and therefore I do not wish to be limitedto the precise details shown and described.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A motor controller controlling two pairs of motors, and a single cut-out switch whereby either pair of said motors may be cut out without changing the effect of the controller -on' the other pair.

2. A motor controller controlling a plurality of motors, and a unitary cut-out switch whereby any'of said motors may be cut out without chan ing the controller action on the motors not cut out.

3. A motor controller, a plurality of sets of motors controlled thereby, and a single cutout switch whereby any one of said sets of motors may be cut out without interfering with the effect of the controller upon any other set of motors. a

4. A motor controller, two sets of motors controlled thereby,w and a cut-out switch operable only in its entirety and by means of which either set of motors may be disconnected without affecting the controller action on the other set of motors.

5. A series-parallel motor controller, a plurality of pairs of motors controlled therei by, a reversing switch for said motors and a single cut-out switch whereby any pair of motors may he cut-out withoutafi'ecting' the series-parallel control of the remaining mo tors.

6. Two pairs of electric motors, a cut-out :witch operable only in its entirety and by means of which either pair may be cut out, and a controller for all of said motors, so 0on structed and arranged that it has the same controlling action on either pair of motors whether the other air is cut out or not.

7. A plurality 0 electric motors, a single cutout switch whereby any of said motors may be disconnected, and a controller for the motors so connected and arranged that it has the same controlling action on any partlcular motor or motors whether the remainmg motors are connected or disconnected.

8. A plurality of pairs of electric motors, a-

single cut-out switch by means of which either pair of motors may be disconnected, and a series-parallel controller for the motors having the same series-parallel control over any pair of motors whether any other pair is connected or disconnected.

9. Two sets of electric motors, a unitary cut-out switch which in one position cuts out one set 'of motors, in another position cuts out the other set of motors, and in a third position connects both sets of motors, and a controller for the motors so connected and arranged that it has the same action on either set of motors whether the other set of motors is connected or disconnected.

10. Two pairs of electric motors, a unitary cut-out switch having three positions, for disconnecting each pair of motors and for connecting both pairs res actively, and a seriesparallel controller, or the motors, so arranged that it has the same series-parallel control over either pair of motors whether the other pair is connected or disconnected.

1 1 Two sets of electric motors, a controller for connecting the different motors of each set either in series or in parallel relation, and.

a cut-out switch for connecting the two sets in parallel or cutting out either set of motors while still permitting the seriesparallel control of the other set.

12. Two pairs of electric motors, a controller for connecting the two pairs of motors both in series and inparallel relation, and a cut-out switch for connecting the motors of each pair in parallel or cutting out one of each pair of motors while still permitting the series-parallel control of the remaining mo tors.

13. Twopairs of parallel connected electric motors, and a unitary cut-out switch which in one position cuts out one of each pair of motors, and in another position cuts out the other of each pair of motors.

14. Two normally parallel connected pairs of electric motors, and a unitary cut-out switch for cutting'out either pair of motors.

15. Two pairs of electric motors a cut-out switch,'com risin a plurality of blades fixed on a rotatable sha and so connected and arran ed that in one position of the shaft and bla es one pair of motors is cut out and in another position the other pair of motors is cut out, and a reversing switch for said motors.

16. Two pairs of electric motors, and a cut-out switch comprising a plurality of blades fixed on a rotatable shaft and so connected and arranged that in one position of the shaft and blades one pair of motors is cut out, in another position ie other pair of motors is cut out and in a third position the two pairs of motors are connected in parallel.

17. Two pairs of series motors, a pluralit of switch blades forming a cut-out switch and in different positions connecting the two pairs in parallel and cutting out one or the other pair, and a controller for connecting the two motors of each pair both in series and in parallel relation, and controlling each pair of motors independently of the position of the cutout switch as regards the other pair of motors.

18. A plurality of motors, a controller therefor, a cut-out switch com rising a plurality of switch blades, each iilade coacting with three contacts connections from the middle contact of each blade to the controller, and connections from the outside contacts of each blade to one of the motors.

19. A plurality of motors, a controller therefor, a cut-out switch comprising a plurality of switch blades mounted on a single shaft, a middle contact for each blade engaging therewith in all positions of the cutout switch and connected to the controller, and an outer contact on each side of each middle contact, each of the outer contacts being arranged to be out of engagement with its coacting blade in one position of, thecutout switch and being connected to one of the motors. 1

20. A series-parallel controller, a plurality of motors controlled thereby and a cut-out switch movable only in its-entirety and, arranged to cut out any of the motors, while still permitting ,theco'ntroller to have the same effect on the other motors as when no motors had been cut out.

21. A lurality of electric motors, a cutout switci for cutting out some of the mo tors, and a controller so constructed and ar- .for any motor or motors for all-positions 'of the controller in the same manner, regardless of whether the other motor .or motors are connected or cut out.

22. A lurality of electric motors, a cutout switc in different positions connecting all of said motors and cutting out various ones, and a series-parallelcontroller arranged to make the same connections, independently of the position of the cut-out switch. I

23,-A plurality of normally parallel-connected sets of electric motors," a cut-out switch at which the current for the different sets divides, said cut-out switch being arranged to cut out any set of the motors, and a controlling switch for varying the voltage impressed on the different motors.

2 1.. A main controlling drum and cooperating contact fingers, a plurality of sets of motors controlled thereb and a cut-out switch whereby any set 0 said motors may be cut out without rendering any of said contact fingers inactive.

25. A main controlling drum and cooperating contact fingers, a plurality of motors controlled thereby, and a cut out switch whereby certain of said motors. may be cut out without changing the electrical action of said drum and fingers on the motor or motors not cut out.

26. In combination, a plurality of sets of motors, a controlling switch for connecting the motors comprising each set in various re lations while the relation between the sets of motors remains unchanged, and a cut-out switch for connecting the different sets in parallel or for cutting out any set.

2'7 In combination, a plurality of sets of motors, a main controlling switch for connecting said sets in various relations, and. a cut-out switch arranged to connect the motors forming each set in parallel or to cut out one motor of each set.

.28. In combination, a main controlling switch, a plurality of sets of motors controlled thereby, a cut-out switch, leads from the cut-out switch to the main controlling switch, leadsfrom the cut-out switch to the motors, said cut-out switch normally connecting each of the former leads to two of said latter leads and arranged to disconnect certain of said latter leads.

29. In combination, a main controlling switch, a plurality of sets of motors controlled thereby, a cut-out switch, leads from the cutout switch to the main controlling switch, leads from the cut-out switch to the motors, said cut-out switch normally connecting each of said former leads to two of said latter leads which lead to diflerent motors and arran ed to disconnect each of said former lea s from either of the leads to which it is normally connected.

.30. In a controller, a controlling drum, a reversing. switch, a notch plate for the reversing switch, an arm pivoted eccentrically of the controlling drum and biased toward engagement with the notch plate to lock the reversing switch, and means on the controlling drum for forcing the arm away from the notch late.

31. n a controller, a controlllng drum, a

reversing switch, notch plates for said drum' and switch, an arm pivoted eccentrically of the controlling drum and biased toward the notch plate for the reversing switch, thereb locking said switch, and means on the note plate of the controlling drum for forcing the arm away from the reversing switch notch late in a predetermined position of the rum.

32. In a controller, a controlling drum, a reversing switch, a notch plate for the reversing switch, a two armed lever pivoted eccentrlcally of the controlling drum, one arm of said leverlb eing spring pressed towards the I looking the reversing switc notch plate and when engaging the same and means on the controlling drum for engaging. the other arm of said lever and unlocking the reversing switch in a predetermined position of the controller.

33. In a controller, a controlling drum, a reversing switch, a notch late for the reversing switch, a star whee for the controllingdrum, a bell crank lever, one end. of which is spring pressed toward the. notch plate to lock the reversing switch, and a lug on the star-wheel arranged to engage the other arm of said bell crank lever in a predetermined position of the drum and force the first mentioned arm out of engagement with the notch plate. I

34.' In a controller, a controlling drum, a star-wheel therefor, a reversing switch, a notch plate therefor, arm pivoted eccentrically of'the controlling drum and biased toward engagement with said notchplate to lock said reversing switch, a projection from .said arm, and a lug on said star-wheel arranged to .engage said projection and unlock said reversing switch when the controlling drum is in off position.

35. In a controller, a controlling drum, a star-wheel therefor, a reversing switch, a notch plate therefor, an arm pivoted eccen-' trically of the controlling drum and springpressed toward engagement with said notch plate to locksaid reversing switch, and having a projection extending .over the star. wheel, and a lug on said star-wheel'arranged to engage said projection and release the reversing switch 1n a predetermined position of the controlling drum.

36. In a controller, a controlling drum, a

star-wheel therefor, a reversing switch, a notch plate therefor, an arm pivoted eccentrically of said drum and biased toward en gagement with said notch plate, a projection from said arm extending over the star-wheel, and a lug on the upper side of said star wheel arranged to engage said projection when the drum is in ofi position and thereby force said arm away from said notchplate to release the reversing switch, said lug and projection not being in engagement when the drum is not in off position, thus allowing the arm to engage the notch plate to lock the reversing switch.

37. A motor controller controlling two pairs of motors, a single cut-out switch whereby either pair of said motors ma be cut out without changing the effect 0 the controller on the other pair, and a separate reversing switch-for said motors.

38. A .motor controller controlling a plurality of motors, a unitary cut-out switch whereby any of said motors may be cut out without changing the controller action on the motors'znot cut outiand an independently operable reversing switch for said motors.

39. In combination, a rotatable drum and cooperating contact fingers, a plurality of sets of motors controlled thereby, and a single cut-out switch whereby any one of said sets of motors ma be cut out without interfering with the e ect of the controllerupon any other set of motors.

40. In combination, a rotatable drum and cooperating contact fingers, two sets of motors controlled thereby, and a cut-out switch operable only in its entirety and by means of which either set of motors may be disconnected without affecting the controller action on the other set of motors. 2

41. Two pairsof electric motors, a cut-out switch ofperable only in its entirety and by means'o which either pair may be cut out, a reversing switch for said motors, and a controller for all of said motors, said controller being so constructed and arranged that it has the same controller action on 'either'pair of motors whether the other pair is cut out or not.

42. A plurality of electric motors, a single cut-out .switch whereby any of said motors may be disconnected, and a single drum controller for the motors so connected and arranged that it has the same controlling action on any particular motor or motors whether the remaining motors are connected or disconnected.

4.3. A plurality of pairsof electric motors, means for reversing said motors, a single cutout switch by means of which either pair of motors may be disconnected, and aseriesparallel controller for the motors having the same series-parallel control over any pa1r of motors Whether any other pair is connected or disconnected.

4.4. Two sets of electric motors, a controller for connecting the different motors of each set either in series or parallel relation, a reversing switch, and a cut-out switch for connecting the two sets in parallel or cutting out either set of motors while still permitting the series parallel control of the other set.

45.- Two pairs of electric motors, a single drum controller for connecting the two pairs of motors both in series and parallel relation, and a cut-out switch for connecting the motors of each pair in parallel or cutting out one of each pair of motors while still permitting the series-parallel control of the remaining motors.

46. A plurality of electric motors, a cutout switch for cutting out some of the motors, and a single drum controller so constructed and arranged that it makes the same connections for any motor or motors for all positions of the controller in the same manner, regardless of whether the other motor or motors are connected or cut out.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature, in the presence of two Witnesses.

V EMMETT W. STULL.

Witnesses:

GEO. B. SOHLEY, FRED J. KINSEY. 

